Exodus Series, The Tenth Plague, God’s Judgment, Passover, Israel’s Deliverance, Biblical Justice, Divine Intervention, Old Testament Narratives, Covenant Theology, God’s Protection, Deliverance and Redemption, God’s Sovereignty
The passage from Exodus 11:1-10 and 12:29-36 narrates one of the most significant events in Israelite history—the final plague and the subsequent deliverance of the Israelites from Egypt.
At this point in the Exodus narrative, Pharaoh has repeatedly refused to let the Israelites go, despite nine devastating plagues. Now, God tells Moses that one final plague will break Pharaoh’s resistance—the death of the firstborn in Egypt.
God’s Declaration (11:1): The Lord informs Moses that after this final plague, Pharaoh will not only let the Israelites go but will drive them out completely.
Warning to Pharaoh (11:4-6): Moses relays God's message that at midnight, every firstborn in Egypt will die, from Pharaoh’s son to the firstborn of the lowest servant, and even the firstborn of animals. This will cause a great cry throughout Egypt, unlike anything seen before.
Israel’s Protection (11:7): While Egypt suffers, the Israelites will remain untouched—not even a dog will bark against them, showing a stark contrast between God’s judgment on Egypt and His protection over Israel.
Pharaoh’s Hardened Heart (11:9-10): Despite the warning, Pharaoh remains obstinate because God has hardened his heart to demonstrate His power and fulfill His purpose.
At midnight, God carries out His judgment.
The Tenth Plague Strikes (12:29-30): Just as God foretold, all the firstborn in Egypt die, from Pharaoh’s heir to the firstborn of prisoners and cattle. Egypt erupts in wailing and sorrow, as no household is spared from loss.
Pharaoh’s Surrender (12:31-32): Finally broken, Pharaoh summons Moses and Aaron at night and commands them to leave immediately—not only the Israelites but also their flocks and herds. Pharaoh even asks for their blessing.
The Egyptians Urge Israel to Leave (12:33-34): The Egyptian people, in terror, beg the Israelites to leave quickly, fearing further disaster. The Israelites pack in haste, taking unleavened dough with them.
God’s Favor on Israel (12:35-36): As instructed, the Israelites ask the Egyptians for gold, silver, and fine clothing, and God moves the Egyptians to grant their request. In this way, the Israelites plunder Egypt, symbolizing divine justice and repayment for their oppression.
God’s Sovereign Power – The plagues demonstrate that no earthly ruler, even Pharaoh, can stand against God’s will. His power is absolute, and He delivers His people at the appointed time.
Judgment and Mercy – The firstborn plague is severe, yet God’s mercy is evident—He protects the Israelites, illustrating His covenant faithfulness.
The Exodus as Redemption – This moment foreshadows future acts of salvation, particularly Jesus as the Passover Lamb (1 Corinthians 5:7), delivering people from the bondage of sin.
God Provides for His People – The Israelites leave Egypt with wealth, showing that God not only rescues but restores and blesses His people.
This passage is a turning point in the Exodus story. The Israelites, once enslaved, now walk out as free people, demonstrating God’s faithfulness and justice. Their journey is just beginning, but their chains have been broken.
